Saturday, January 13, 2018

Jacque-Louis David (1793). Death of Marat [oil on canvas]. Musées Royaux des Beaux-Arts de Belgique, Brussels.

Clearly, the lower-half of the canvas is most active. Beyond that, even and realistic formal development leave the mind questioning what the intended focus is. In the search for meaning, the observer is left to pick up on the clues and impressions the composition offers.

The position the observer takes is even with the figure’s face, which would mean she is in a kneeling position, lamenting the tragedy and horror of this event. This hints at an integration of convergence, but value-based modelling develops this work’s depth. A complementary color scheme fuses with the unity of this masterpiece, mostly relying on purity to vary color.

One of the strongest equivalencies generating the unique drama of this composition is formlessness against definition. The overall formal development references the dramatic expression and illusionistic Naturalism of Mannerists such as Caravaggio and la Tour.

The single-greatest strength of this masterpiece is how David uses emotional expression to create conflict through balance. Mass and energy pool like coagulated blood to the bottom of the composition. The dead, indistinct negative space enhances the lifelessness of the composition. All directional thrusts, when not slipping downward, move in cross-directional energy, searching for a downward path to follow.

Contradicting this visual motion is the peaceful expression on Marat’s face, and the impression that the light warming his form is gently lifting something within him upward. The expression could be one of relief, as if the passing of his life has caused the formless component of who he is to suddenly understand what a burden it is to carry a physical body throughout the period of its usefulness.

The framework of perpendicular edges and lines of force highlight the diagonal motion of the figure’s arm, still grasping the quill near a discarded blade. I believe this endorses the legitimacy of deliberate reason over force as a foundation for political authority. If so, David seems to be stating that any moral high ground French Revolutionaries carried was lost upon Marat’s assassination.

Fact check: Marat was an assassinated journalist. The note he carries was one of his projects. The meaning constructed by comparing the quill to the knife likely does not apply. The block Marat used to do much of his work becomes his tombstone, and he is presented as a political, rather than religious, martyr.


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