Saturday, January 27, 2018

Édouard Manet (1881 to 82). A Bar at the Folies-Bergère [oil on canvas]. Courtauld Institute of Art Gallery, London.

I believe the primary purpose behind this masterpiece was to develop a snapshot of an establishment where Manet enjoyed spending his evenings (described in the title). Clearly the barmaid was individually selected for a reason beyond her pleasing appearance and modelling of the required dress code. Why her specifically, I cannot say, but her contrasting expression to the boisterousness of her surroundings clearly draws interest. 
Manet does not seem to be “recording light” to the fidelity of Monet, but if the densest shadows and lightest highlights were removed, the composition would reveal stunningly chromatic global color. The close proximity of analogous strokes has a diluting effect on this composition’s overall brightness. The moments of nearly pure color set in opposition to the impression of foundational diluted ones communicates the smoky thickness of the air quite well. The rich, beautiful texturing effect unique to this masterpiece is built on a glittering, incised and blended value pattern. 

Forms tend to be warmer, more chromatic and defined towards the foreground, blending into a dense, cool haze towards the background. The placement of light values, circular and floral forms does not defeat the masterful illusion of depth but instead unifies the two grounds. The composition is quite solid due to the remarkable modeling of the foreground shapes and generous distribution of dense tones. 

The youthful, feminine form of the front-and-center subject is emphasized by the arrangement of modeled objects and cross-directional mechanical forms she is leaning on and located behind her. Her gaze does not meet the observer/patron, but instead focuses on the playful activity she cannot be a part of. Her expression is the primary area of interest for overlapping reasons: relative focus and size, stark contrasts in value, and it is where almost all of the emotional energy is located. 

One of the unusual forms of unity Manet establishes with this work is the use of each major hue individually applied across the full range of values. It is a simply stunning reflection of gathering hall that presents both an optically realistic snapshot of the location and clear emotional impact. (Correction: The scene behind the barmaid is a mirror, according to experts. If so, then it at an impossible angle relative to the field of view of the observer. In addition, the man in the upper-right corner of the composition is the observer). 


 

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